a, \(m_{HCl}=200.14,6\%=29,2\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{29,2}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂

Mol:     0,4       0,8         0,4         0,4

\(V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)

b, \(m_{Zn}=0,4.65=26\left(g\right)\)

c, m_{dd sau pứ} = 26 + 200 - 0,4.2 = 225,2 (g)

\(C_{M_{ddZnCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,4.136.100\%}{225,2}=24,16\%\)

a)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6}{100.36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: MgCO₃ + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O

______a--------->2a-------->a-------->a

CaCO₃ + 2HCl --> CaCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O

_b-------->2b-------->b------->b

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}84a+100b=28,4\\a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%MgCO_3=\dfrac{0,1.84}{28,4}.100\%=29,577\%\\\%CaCO_3=\dfrac{0,2.100}{28,4}.100\%=70,423\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) m_{dd sau pư} =  28,4 + 200 - 0,3.44 = 215,2 (g)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(MgCl_2\right)=\dfrac{0,1.95}{215,2}.100\%=4,4\%\\C\%\left(CaCl_2\right)=\dfrac{0,2.111}{215,2}.100\%=10,32\%\\C\%\left(HCl\right)=\dfrac{\left(0,8-2.0,1-2.0,2\right).36,5}{215,2}.100\%=3,39\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)

a) Ta có: \(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{2,5}{100}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,05mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot36,5}{18\%}\approx10,14\left(g\right)\)

b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaCl_2}=0,025\cdot111=2,775\left(g\right)\\m_{CO_2}=0,025\cdot44=1,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(saup/ứ\right)}=m_{Zn}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{CO_2}=11,54\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{2,775}{11,54}\cdot100\%\approx24,05\%\)

CaCO₃+2HCl→CaCl₂+CO₂↑ +H₂O

\(+n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{2,5}{100}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)

\(+n_{HCl}=2n_{CaCO_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(+m_{HCl}=0,05.98=4,9\left(gam\right)\)

\(+m_{dungdịchHCl}=\dfrac{4,9}{18}.100\%=27,2\left(gam\right)\)

\(+n_{CaCl}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)

\(+m_{CaCl_2}=0,025.111=2,775\left(gam\right)\)

Theo ĐLBTKL ta có:

\(m_{CaCl_2}=2,5+27,2-0,025.44-0,025.18=28,15\left(gam\right)\)

C%=\(\dfrac{2,775}{28,15}.100\%\approx9,85\%\)

Câu 1 : 

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{8.4}{24}=0.35\left(mol\right)\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(0.35.......0.7.........0.35..........0.35\)

\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.7\cdot36.5}{146}\cdot100\%=17.5\%\)

\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=8.4+146-0.35\cdot2=153.7\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0.35\cdot95}{153.7}\cdot100\%=21.6\%\)

Câu 2 :

\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{10}{100}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{114.1\cdot8\%}{36.5}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)

\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)

\(1................2\)

\(0.1.............0.25\)

\(LTL:\dfrac{0.1}{1}< \dfrac{0.25}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\)

\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=10+114.1-0.1\cdot44=119.7\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(0.25-0.2\right)\cdot36.5}{119.7}\cdot100\%=1.52\%\)

\(C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot111}{119.7}\cdot100\%=18.54\%\)

Câu 3 : 

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(0.3.......0.6......................0.3\)

\(m_{Fe}=0.3\cdot56=16.8\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{dd_{HCl}}=150\cdot1.2=180\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.6\cdot36.5}{180}\cdot100\%=12.16\%\)

\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.6}{0.15}=4\left(M\right)\)

a) CaO + 2HCl --> CaCl₂ + H₂O

CaCO₃ + 2HCl --> CaCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O

b) \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CaCO₃ + 2HCl --> CaCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O

_____0,1<-----0,2<-------0,1<-----0,1

=> m_CaCO3 = 0,1.100 = 10 (g)
=> m_CaO = 15,6 - 10 = 5,6 (g)

b) \(n_{CaO}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:CaO + 2HCl --> CaCl₂ + H₂O

_____0,1--->0,2------>0,1

=> m_HCl = (0,2+0,2).36,5 = 14,6 (g)

=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6.100}{14,6}=100\left(g\right)\)

m_{dd sau pư} = 15,6 + 100 - 0,1.44 = 111,2 (g)

=> \(C\%\left(CaCl_2\right)=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,1\right).111}{111,2}.100\%=19,96\%\)

PTHH : CaO + 2HCl ---> CaCl₂ + H₂O (1)

             1       :   2       :       1       :  2

CaCO₃ + 2HCl ---> CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂ (2)

1           :   2        :       1       :  1       :  1

Ta có \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{V}{22.4}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_{CaCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{CaCO_3}=n.M=0,1.100=10\left(g\right)\)

=> m_CaO = 15,6 - 10 = 5,6 (g) 

c) \(n_{CaO}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{CO_2}=n.M=0,1.44=4,4\left(g\right)\)

Ta có \(m_{HCl}=m_{HCl\left(1\right)}+m_{HCl\left(2\right)}\)

\(=n_{HCl\left(1\right)}.M+n_{HCl\left(2\right)}.M\)

\(0,2.36,5+0,2.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{m_{HCl}.100\%}{C\%}=\dfrac{14,6.100\%}{14.6\%}100\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{dd\text{ sau pư}}=m_{ddHCl}+m_{CaO}+m_{CaCO_3}-m_{CO_2}\)

= 100 + 5.6 + 10 - 4,4 = 111.2(g)

=> \(m_{CaCl_2}=m_{CaCl_2\left(1\right)}+m_{CaCl_2\left(2\right)}\)

\(=n_{CaCl_2\left(1\right)}.M+n_{CaCl_2\left(2\right)}.M\)

= 0,1.91 + 0,1.91 = 18,2 (g)

=> \(C\%=\dfrac{m_{CaCl_2}}{m_{\text{dd sau pư}}}.100\%=\dfrac{18,2}{111,2}.100\%=16,37\%\)

a)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{175.14,6}{100}=25,55\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{25,55}{35,5}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

bđ       0,3       0,7

pư      0,3       0,6

spư      0         0,1        0,3       0,3

=> V_H2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (l)

b)

m_dd = 16,8 + 175 - 0,3.2 = 191,2 (g)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,3.127}{191,2}.100\%=19,93\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{191,2}.100\%=1,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{\dfrac{175.14,6}{100}}{36,5}=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) 
\(LTL:\dfrac{0,3}{1}< \dfrac{0,7}{2}\)  
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ m_{\text{dd}}=16,8+175-\left(0,3.2\right)=191,2\left(g\right)\\ n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,3.127}{191,2}.100\%=19,92\%\)
=> HCl dư 
 

Sửa đề: 8,4 gam Fe

\(a,n_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{56}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6.175}{36,5.100}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:            \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

ban đầu         0,15    0,7

phản ứng       0,15    0,3 

sau pư              0      0,4         0,15       0,15

\(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)

\(b,m_{dd}=8,4+175-0,15.2=183,1\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,15.127}{183,1}.100\%=10,4\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{183,1}.100\%=7,97\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

1)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ --> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

____0,1----->0,15

=> m_H2SO4 = 0,15.98 = 14,7(g)

=> \(C\%=\dfrac{14,7}{250}.100\%=5,88\%\)

2)

\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{21,2}{106}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl --> 2NaCl + CO₂ + H₂O

_______0,2------------------------------>0,2

=> V_CO2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48(l)

3)

\(n_A=\dfrac{18,4}{M_A}\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2A + Cl₂ --t^o--> 2ACl

____\(\dfrac{18,4}{M_A}\)---------->\(\dfrac{18,4}{M_A}\)

=> \(\dfrac{18,4}{M_A}\left(M_A+35,5\right)=46,8=>M_A=23\left(Na\right)\)

4)

n_HCl = 0,2.3 = 0,6(mol)

PTHH: M + 2HCl --> MCl₂ + H₂

____0,3<-----0,6

=> \(M_M=\dfrac{7,2}{0,3}=24\left(Mg\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=2.36,5=73g\)

=> \(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{73}{73+327}\times100\%=18,25\%\)

b. 

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{250.18,25\%}{36,5}=1,25mol\)

\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{50}{100}=0,5mol\)

\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)

\(n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CO_2}=0,5mol\)

\(n_{HClpu}=0,5.2=1mol\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCldu}=1,25-1=0,25\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddpu}=50+250-0,5.44=278g\)

\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,25.36,5}{278}.100\%=3,28\%\)

\(C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,5.111}{278}.100\%=19,96\%\)

1.

\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{10,95.75}{100}=8,2125\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{8,2125}{35,5}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)

\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{6}n_{HCl}=0,0375\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{HCl}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%=\dfrac{0,075.162,5}{0,0375.160+75}.100\%=15,05\%\)

2.

\(n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)

Dễ thấy HCl dư.

\(\Rightarrow n_{AlCl_3}=2n_{Al_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=26,7\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%=\dfrac{26,7}{10,2+200}.100\%=12,7\%\)